What I have learned from this project thus far (Rick)

This project has taught me quite a bit so far about a practical use of evolution. While many are discussed in class, having to research a topic that relates to diseases that people we know have helps me to put my classroom knowledge to more use. From the papers I read for this project about p53 mutations and how that affects cancer, I have learned several things. First of all, I have never learned about the moleuclar nature of cancer before reading these articles. Just like Connor, I always thought cancer just happened when cells were not able to undergo apoptosis. Through reading about p53, I have learned that gene duplication, and subsequent mutations on the duplicated genes, allows for the creation of a gene family. When all of the genes in the gene family are selected for in such a way that they work together in harmony, it is necessary that all are expressed perfectly to allow the cells to function properly. In the case of p53, mutations and misfoldings cause at least one of the genes in the p53 gene family to not function properly which prevents apoptosis. For me, learning that mutations like this inhibit apoptosis gives me a small understanding of what can cause cancer. Studying the evolution that allows the genes in the gene family to arise through gene duplication has allowed me to fully understand exactly what happens. This kind of supporting knowledge allows me to have a better grasp on p53 and its ability to promote cancer. I have thoroughly enjoyed having the opportunity to build my knowledge of this protein family while putting my evolution knowledge to practical use.